What Are .dmg Files Written In

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Apple Disk Image
The icon represents an internal hard drive within a generic file icon.
Filename extension.dmg, .smi, .img
Internet media typeapplication/x-apple-diskimage
Uniform Type Identifier (UTI)com.apple.disk-image
com.apple.disk-image-smi
Developed byApple Inc.
Type of formatDisk image
  1. Dmg2iso
  2. Download Dmg File online, free
  • You can merge multiple DMG files using your Mac's Disk Utility. A DMG file contains a compressed package that usually includes a program, backup or a compilation of files. Before you can view the.
  • Some of the most popular cross-platform utilities for working with DMG images include dmg2img, which is written in C, DMGEXtractor, which is written in Java, and PeaZip. Each of these tools does something different, but the one suited for most users is probably PeaZip. How to Recover Deleted DMG Files?
  • Aug 13, 2018  All you really need to do is double-click the DMG file to open it and mount it to your Mac. The DMG mounts in two places: on your desktop and in the Finder sidebar under your hard drive. Clicking either one of these opens the DMG file. When you open a DMG file, you’ll usually see two things: the app and a link to your applications folder.
  • A DMG file is like one of these devices in that it serves as a means to encapsulate documents, images, software, and other files. The difference is that with a DMG, there is no physical storage medium. There is only the DMG file, which can be written to a hard drive, burned to a CD or DVD, or sent over the Internet.

Apple Disk Image is a disk image format commonly used by the macOS operating system. When opened, an Apple Disk Image is mounted as a volume within the Macintosh Finder.

An Apple Disk Image can be structured according to one of several proprietary disk image formats, including the Universal Disk Image Format (UDIF) and the New Disk Image Format (NDIF). An Apple disk image file's name usually has '.dmg' as its extension.

Use TransMac, which has a 15-day trial period and works flawlessly. In the left pane, right click the USB Drive and select Format Disk for Mac. In the left pane, right click the USB Drive and select Restore with Disk Image. Point to your.dmg (or choose All Files to select an.iso) file and click Open.

  • 3File format

Features[edit]

Apple Disk Image files are published with a MIME type of application/x-apple-diskimage.

Different file systems can be contained inside these disk images, and there is also support for creating hybrid optical media images that contain multiple file systems.[1] Some of the file systems supported include Hierarchical File System (HFS), HFS Plus, File Allocation Table (FAT), ISO9660 and Universal Disk Format (UDF).[1][2]

Apple Disk Images can be created using utilities bundled with Mac OS X, specifically Disk Copy in Mac OS X v10.2 and earlier and Disk Utility in Mac OS X v10.3 and later. These utilities can also use Apple disk image files as images for burning CDs and DVDs. Disk image files may also be managed via the command line interface using the hdiutil utility.[3]

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In Mac OS X v10.2.3, Apple introduced Compressed Disk Images[4] and Internet-Enabled Disk Images for use with the Apple utility Disk Copy, which was later integrated into Disk Utility in 10.3. The Disk Copy application had the ability to display a multi-lingual software license agreement before mounting a disk image. The image will not be mounted unless the user indicates agreement with the license.[5]

An Apple Disk Image allows secure password protection as well as file compression, and hence serves both security and file distribution functions; such a disk image is most commonly used to distribute software over the Internet.

History[edit]

Apple originally created its disk image formats because the resource fork used by Mac applications could not easily be transferred over mixed networks such as those that make up the Internet. Even as the use of resource forks declined with Mac OS X, disk images remained the standard software distribution format. Disk images allow the distributor to control the Finder's presentation of the window, which is commonly used to instruct the user to copy the application to the correct folder.

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A previous version of the format, intended only for floppy disk images, is usually referred to as 'Disk Copy 4.2' format, after the version of the Disk Copy utility that was used to handle these images.[1] A similar format that supported compression of floppy disk images is called DART.[1][6]

New Disk Image Format (NDIF) was the previous default disk image format in Mac OS 9,[1] and disk images with this format generally have a .img (not to be confused with raw .img disk image files) or .smi file extension. Dnd handaxe dmg. Files with the .smi extension are actually applications that mount an embedded disk image, thus a 'Self Mounting Image', and are intended only for Mac OS 9 and earlier.[7][2]

Universal Disk Image Format (UDIF) is the native disk image format for Mac OS X. Disk images in this format typically have a .dmg extension.[1]

File format[edit]

Apple has not released any documentation on the format, but attempts to reverse engineer parts of the format have been successful. The encrypted layer was reverse engineered in an implementation called VileFault[8] (a spoonerism of FileVault).

Apple disk image files are essentially raw disk images (i.e. contain block data) with some added metadata, optionally with one or two layers applied that provide compression and encryption. In hdiutil these layers are called CUDIFEncoding and CEncryptedEncoding.[1]

UDIF supports ADC (an old proprietary compression format by Apple), zlib, bzip2 (as of Mac OS X v10.4), and LZFSE (as of Mac OS X v10.11)[9] compression internally.

Trailer[edit]

The trailer can be described using the following C structure.[10] All values are big-endian (PowerPC byte ordering)

Here is an explanation:

Position(in Hex)Length (in bytes)Description
0004Magic bytes ('koly').
0044File version (current is 4)
0084The length of this header, in bytes. Should be 512.
00C4Flags.
0108Unknown.
0188Data fork offset (usually 0, beginning of file)
0208Size of data fork (usually up to the XMLOffset, below)
0288Resource fork offset, if any
0308Resource fork length, if any
0384Segment number. Usually 1, may be 0
03C4Segment count. Usually 1, may be 0
04016128-bit GUID identifier of segment
0504Data fork checksum type
0544Data fork checksum size
058128Data fork checksum
0D88Offset of XML property list in DMG, from beginning
0E08Length of XML property list
0E8120Reserved bytes
1604Master checksum type
1644Master checksum size
168128Master checksum
1E84Unknown, commonly 1
1EC8Size of DMG when expanded, in sectors
1F412Reserved bytes (zeroes)

Utilities[edit]

There are few options available to extract files or mount the proprietary Apple Disk Image format. Some cross-platform conversion utilities are:

  • dmg2img was originally written in Perl; however, the Perl version is no longer maintained, and the project was rewritten in C. Currently, without additional tools, the resulting images may be mounted only under Mac OS X and under Linux (provided hfsplus support has been enabled). UDIF ADC-compressed images have been supported since version 1.5.[11]
  • DMGEXtractor is written in Java with GUI, and it supports more advanced features of dmg including AES-128 encrypted images but not UDCO images.[12]
  • 7-Zip, including the free cross-platform port of its command-line interface, p7zip.

In Windows, most dmg images can be opened using several other programs such as UltraISO and IsoBuster. MacDrive can also mount simple dmg files as drives under windows, but not sparse disk or encrypted dmgs.[13] A free Apple DMG Disk Image Viewer also exists.[14]

In Linux and possibly other Unix flavors, most .dmg files can be burned to CD/DVD using any CD-burner program (using cdrecord directly or a front-end such as K3B or Brasero) or directly mounted to a mountpoint (e.g. mount -o loop,ro -t hfsplus imagefile.dmg /mnt/mountpoint).[15][16] darling-dmg is a FUSE module enabling easy DMG file mounting on Linux.[17]

See also[edit]

References[edit]

  1. ^ abcdefg'hdiutil(1) Mac OS X Manual Page'. Archived from the original on 2016-05-14. Retrieved 2016-05-14.
  2. ^ ab'Mac OS X: Using Disk Copy disk image files'. Archived from the original on 2013-12-19. Retrieved 2013-04-25.
  3. ^hdiutil(1) – Darwin and macOS General Commands Manual
  4. ^'Re: Some apps refuse to launch in 10.2.8! (OT, but very important)'. Archived from the original on 2014-01-17.
  5. ^'Guides'. Apple. Archived from the original on 2009-03-06. Retrieved 2010-10-27.
  6. ^'DART 1.5.3: Version Change History'. Archived from the original on 2013-12-19. Retrieved 2013-04-25.
  7. ^'Software Downloads: Formats and Common Error Messages'. Archived from the original on 2010-12-24. Retrieved 2009-05-06.
  8. ^'VileFault'. 2006-12-29. Archived from the original on 2007-01-09. Retrieved 2010-10-27.
  9. ^Michael Tsai (2015-10-07). 'LZFSE Disk Images in El Capitan'. Archived from the original on 2017-04-09. Retrieved 2017-04-09.
  10. ^'Demystifying the DMG File Format'. Archived from the original on 2013-03-17.
  11. ^'dmg2img'. Archived from the original on 29 November 2010. Retrieved 2010-10-27.
  12. ^'DMGExtractor'. Archived from the original on 2011-01-02. Retrieved 2011-01-03.
  13. ^MacDrive Features / Boot Camp / System Requirements /. 'MacDrive Home page'. Mediafour. Archived from the original on 4 October 2010. Retrieved 2010-10-27.
  14. ^Olivia Dehaviland (2015-03-03). 'Apple DMG Disk Image Viewer'. DataForensics.org. Archived from the original on 2015-04-02. Retrieved 2015-03-10.
  15. ^'How To Convert DMG To ISO in Windows, Linux & Mac'. Archived from the original on 2010-03-07.
  16. ^'Convert DMG To ISO using PowerISO'. Archived from the original on 2009-05-02. Retrieved 2009-02-15.
  17. ^'darling-dmg'. darling-dmg. Retrieved 29 March 2015.

External links[edit]

  • Apple Developer Connection A Quick Look at PackageMaker and Installer
  • O'Reilly Mac DevCenter Tip 16-5. Create a Disk Image from a Directory in the Terminal
Retrieved from 'https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Apple_Disk_Image&oldid=917998972'
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A DMG file is Apple's equivalent of an ISO installation file or disk image. It usually contains all the information required to install a program on a Mac computer running Mac OS X or macOS. It is also a container to hold macOS installation image. If you want to create a bootable macOS bootable disk, the first step is to burn DMG to USB or DVD.

Dmg2iso

However, native support for DMG files is only available on Apple's desktop operating system. For Windows or Linux, you will need to use different methods. For example, if you want to burn a DMG file to USB on a Mac, it's as easy as using the built-in Disk Utility tool. On Linux and Windows, you obviously have to use other ways. This article explains how to burn a DMG file to a USB flash drive on a Mac, a Windows computer and a machine running Linux.

Method 1: How to Burn DMG to USB on macOS or Mac OS X

If you have a Mac, then Disk Utility will help you create your bootable USB drive. Since this is a native application, no downloads are required. The built-in tool will be able to directly burn the DMG file to a disk or drive. You simply have to follow the process as described below:

Step 1: Open Disk Utility by going to Applications >> Utilities and clicking on the tool.

Step 2: You should be able to see all the drive names in the left-side panel. Now open a Finder window and drag your DMG file into Disk Utility. Drop it in the blank area below the drive names on the left panel.

Step 3: You can now insert your USB drive and wait for it to appear in the drives list. Next, click on your mounted DMG file on the left panel and click on ‘Burn' in the top toolbar. When you see the ‘Burn Disk In:' message, click on the USB drive.

The DMG file will now be burned to the USB drive, and you can use it to do program installations. Disk Utility has a good burn success rate, so hopefully you won't have to repeat the process to get it right.

Method 2: How to Burn DMG to USB in Windows 10 (Bootable)

Since Windows doesn't natively support DMG files, you will need to first download and install a utility that can handle such disk images. The best software for the job is WizDMG, a Windows-based desktop solution for authoring Apple's disk image files in a non-Mac environment.

WizDMG requires no technical expertise to use. The clean interface only shows the user the necessary functions, and all the heavy lifting is done at the back end. One of the unique features of this increasingly popular software is the amount of beta testing it has gone through. Extensive and gruelling tests with different storage media brands and Windows versions have made this one of the most reliable DMG utilities for Windows. With one of the industry's highest burn success rates, it's no wonder that WizDMG is emerging as the leader in its class.

Step 1 Install WizDMG

Download Dmg File online, free

Download WizDMG to your Windows PC and install the program by following the setup instructions in the wizard.

Step 2 Load DMG File into WizDMG

After launching the program, you'll see various options on the home page. Click on 'Burn' to kick off the process. Now click on 'Load DMG' to add the file to the program, and insert a USB flash drive.

Step 3 Start Burning DMG to USB

The drive will be automatically detected by the software, so all that's left is to click on 'Burn' and wait for your drive to get ready.

The USB drive will contain the DMG image you selected, and this can now be a portable boot drive to install that particular program on any Mac computer.

Method 3: How to Burn a DMG File to USB in Linux

The process of burning a DMG to USB in Linux is a little more complicated since it requires converting the file to an ISO before burning it to a drive. It also requires command line executions, but if you own a Linux machine you may already be familiar with command line work. Please note that in order for the USB drive to be bootable, the original DMG must have boot information. In here, we take Ubuntu Linux as an example.

Step 1: Download and install dmg2img by using the following command: sudo apt-get install dmg2img

Step 2: Convert the DMG to IMG with the following command: dmg2img sample.dmg

Step 3: Change the filename of the resulting .img file to .iso. Remember, this is still an IMG file, but it will have a .iso extension. Use the command below to do this: mv sample.img sample.iso

Step 4: Insert the USB drive, but make sure it is not mounted. If it is, you can unmount it with the following command: sudo umount /media/

Are

Make sure you know the file path to the mounted USB drive. Although external drives are generally mounted in /media in Linux, it could be in a different location. To check, you can use this command: lsblk

This command reads the sysfs file system and shows you information about block devices. Your drive can usually be identified by the size, but make sure you use the correct disk name, not the partitions within the disk.

Step 5: You can now burn the DMG to the USB drive with the following command:

sudo dd bs=4M if=sample.iso of=/dev/sdX %% sync

If the original DMG file was bootable, then this .img version on your USB will also be bootable. The process looks a bit complicated, but it should work as long as you follow the steps described above.

The Bottom Line:

As we can see, burning DMG to USB on Mac is the easiest solution as you don't need to install any other tools or type command to complete the task, which could be annoying for some users. How about the Mac was broken and you want to create a bootable macOS disk to repair the computer? That depends what kind of computer you get at hand. Just follow the steps listed above according to the computer model.

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